{"id":13685,"date":"2026-05-22T13:30:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T05:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rippa.com\/?p=13685"},"modified":"2026-05-21T15:40:44","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T07:40:44","slug":"mini-excavator-hydraulic-system-explained-how-it-works-and-common-issues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/mini-excavator-hydraulic-system-explained-how-it-works-and-common-issues\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1 \u2013 \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1;<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae, \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1) \u03ae \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2). \u0397 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u2013 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 3.000\u20115.000 PSI \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u2013 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf:<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 5.000\u201310.000 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13026\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-1.webp 1000w, https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-1-768x480.webp 768w, https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-1-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">1. \u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within _1210dd7 c03cafe9\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">2.500\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">2<\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\">500\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">5,000<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0392\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0386\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">1.500\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\">500\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">3,000<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039a\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">500\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">500\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">1.500 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">1.500\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\">500\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">3.000 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">500\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">500\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">1,000<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a8\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">300\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">300\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">800<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">50\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">50\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">150 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf (\u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf) \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c8\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">2. \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc, \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf, \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u2013 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u2013 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf RIPPA R319 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf, \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u2013 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u2013 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039f\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 PRO<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Example: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rippa.com\/products\/mini-excavator\/page\/2\/\">RIPPA R322L<\/a> uses a variable piston pump<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf;<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1), \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b6\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1), \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13027\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-2.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-2.webp 1000w, https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-2-768x480.webp 768w, https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-2-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">3. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 #1: \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within _1210dd7 c03cafe9\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0398\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u2013 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 #2: \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within _1210dd7 c03cafe9\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0395\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039c\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 #3: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within _1210dd7 c03cafe9\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 #4: \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within _1210dd7 c03cafe9\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0392\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c8\u03cd\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039a\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 #5: \u0398\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u201c\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u201d)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within _1210dd7 c03cafe9\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03c6\u03af\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2.<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u0397 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac. \u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">4. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">ISO 46: \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">ISO 32: \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">ISO 68: \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03be\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u2013 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae: 500 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2: 1.000\u20132.000 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03ba\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1: \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c5\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039f\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae: \u0397 \u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a5\u03c6\u03ae: \u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 (\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf (\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039f\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13025\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCATOR-R350-3.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCATOR-R350-3.webp 1000w, https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCATOR-R350-3-768x480.webp 768w, https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCATOR-R350-3-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">5. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within _1210dd7 c03cafe9\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039a\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 500\u20131.000 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">50\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">50\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">100<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 1.000\u20132.000 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">30\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">30\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">80<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 1.000 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">40\u2011<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">40\u2011<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">100<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf.<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">6. \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u2013 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u2013 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u2013 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u2013 \u03c3\u03c6\u03af\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u2013 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u00b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 5\u20137 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u2013 \u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u039c\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">7. Seasonal Hydraulic Care<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">Winter preparation:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Consider using winter\u2011grade hydraulic oil (ISO 32) for better cold flow<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Allow longer warm\u2011up time (10\u201115 minutes at low RPM)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Cycle all functions gently before full operation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Check for water contamination (condensation in tank)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Clean oil cooler fins thoroughly<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Check for proper airflow \u2013 remove debris from cooler<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Consider synthetic fluid for better high\u2011temperature stability<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">8. Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0395: \u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A: Typically every 1,000\u20112,000 hours, depending on operating conditions. Dusty or heavy use requires more frequent changes. Oil analysis can extend intervals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0395: \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391: \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0395: \u03a4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391: \u039c\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u2013 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0395: \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03c9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd: \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf (\u03c3\u03c6\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c7\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1), \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0395: \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391: \u039d\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0395: \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0391: \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u2013 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13028\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-3.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-3.webp 1000w, https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-3-768x480.webp 768w, https:\/\/static.rippa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/RIPPA-MINI-EXCAVATOR-R322L-3-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">9. Conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span class=\"\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rippa.com\/contact\/\">\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>. \u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u2013 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u2013 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"\">\u0395\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1:<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af.<\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quick Answer: How Does a Mini Excavator\u2019s Hydraulic System Work? A mini excavator\u2019s hydraulic system uses pressurized fluid to power all machine movements \u2013 digging, swinging, traveling, and attachment operation. The engine drives a hydraulic pump that sends oil through valves to cylinders and motors. When you move a joystick, you open a valve that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13034,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Mini Excavator Hydraulic System Explained \u2013 How It Works and Common Issues","_seopress_titles_desc":"Understand your mini excavator\u2019s hydraulic system. Learn how it works, common problems, and maintenance tips to prevent costly failures.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13685"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13685\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13713,"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13685\/revisions\/13713"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rippa.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}